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Hydrologic Design of Pervious Concrete
Appendix D:
Initial Estimates
Table D1.
Pervious Concrete Pavement Systems Used in
Passive Mitigation Applications1
|
Soil type |
Traffic
Loading
² |
Design Elements |
|
Base Course
3 |
Porosity
4 |
Minimum depth
in. (mm) |
Geotextile6 |
|
Sandy |
L |
possible |
low
to high |
4 (100) |
possible |
|
well draining,
low water table |
|
|
|
|
|
|
M |
typical |
low
to high |
6 (150) |
possible |
|
Infiltration rate: |
H |
required |
low
to moderate |
8 (200) |
likely |
|
>
0.5 in./h
(> 1.3 cm/h) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
YL |
required |
low
to moderate |
See
footnote 5 |
likely |
|
|
L |
possible |
low
to high |
4 (100) |
possible
7 |
|
Sandy silt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
M |
typical |
moderate to high |
6 (150) |
likely
7 |
|
Infiltration rate:
0.1
to 0.5 in./h |
|
|
|
|
|
|
H |
required |
moderate to high |
8 (200) |
yes
7 |
|
(0.3 to 1.3 cm/h) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
YL |
required |
low |
See
footnote 5 |
yes
7 |
|
Silty to clay
<
0.01 in./h |
See
footnote 8 |
|
(< 0.03 cm/h) |
|
|
1 |
The entries in this table are
provided for general information
only. All designs must be
verified by a registered
professional to ensure
acceptable performance in the
design storm and with the
traffic type and volume
anticipated. |
|
2 |
See Table D3 (below) for
explanation. |
|
3 |
Base course guidelines:
w
Possible indicates that a
base course can be used, but
often is not included;
w
Typical indicates that a
pervious concrete pavement
system will generally require a
base
course in these types of
applications;
w
Required indicates that a
pervious concrete pavement
system will almost always need
to
include a base course in these
types of applications.
Base course
guidelines:
w
ABC: Aggregate Base Course;
design porosity = 20%;
permeability may need to be
checked.
w
CS: Clean Stone
¾
in. to 1 in. NMSA; design
porosity = 40%. |
|
4 |
Porosity of pervious concrete
(design): Low < 12%; Moderate =
12% to 18%; High > 25%. |
|
5 |
Designer will often specify low
porosity pervious pavement, 8
in. (200 mm) depth or greater,
depending on anticipated axle
loads and frequency; depending
on the specific soil types, this
application may not be optimal. |
|
6 |
Geotextile guidelines:
w
Possible indicates often
not required (with sandy soil
and a CS base, a specifically
designed transition sand bed or
“filter” may be needed);
w
Likely indicates will
often be needed;
w
Yes indicates almost
always required in these types
of applications. |
|
7 |
Varies depending on the soil
characteristics; it may also be
possible to use a designed sand
filter. |
|
8 |
Full design by registered
professional required;
applications in this type of
material are intended primarily
for storage to reduce peak
outflow; infiltration will be
minimal. Means for removal other
than infiltration will generally
be needed. |
Table D2.
Pervious Concrete Pavement Systems Used in
Active Mitigation Applications
1
|
Soil type |
Traffic
Loading
² |
Design Elements |
|
Base Course
3 |
Porosity
4 |
Minimum
depth
in.
(mm) |
Geotextile6 |
|
Sandy |
L |
typical |
low to
high |
4
(100) |
possible |
|
well draining,
low water table |
|
|
|
|
|
|
M |
typical |
low to
high |
6
(150) |
likely |
|
Infiltration rate: |
H |
required |
low to
moderate |
8
(200) |
likely |
|
> 0.5
in./h
(> 1.3 cm/h) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
YL |
required |
See
footnote 5 |
See
footnote 5 |
yes
7 |
|
|
L |
clean |
low to
high |
4
(100) |
possible
7 |
|
Sandy silt |
|
stone |
|
|
|
|
M |
clean |
moderate |
6
(150) |
likely
7 |
|
Infiltration rate:
0.1 to
0.5 in./h |
|
stone |
|
|
|
|
H |
clean |
moderate |
8
(200) |
yes
7 |
|
(0.3 to 1.3 cm/h) |
|
stone |
|
|
|
|
YL |
clean stone |
See
footnote 5 |
See
footnote 5 |
yes
7 |
|
Silty to clay
< 0.01
in./h |
See
footnote 8 |
|
(< 0.03 cm/h) |
|
|
1 |
The
entries in this table are provided
for general information only. All
designs must be verified by a
registered professional to ensure
acceptable performance in the design
storm and with the traffic type and
volume anticipated. |
|
2 |
See
Table D3 (below) for explanation. |
|
3 |
Base course guidelines:
w
Required indicates that a
pervious concrete pavement system
will almost always need to
include a base course in these types
of applications.
w
Clean stone indicates that
base course will almost always need
to be clean stone (for
storage
capacity).
Base course
guidelines:
w
ABC: Aggregate Base Course; design
porosity = 20%; permeability may
need to be
checked.
w
CS: Clean Stone
¾
in. to 1 in. NMSA; design porosity =
40%.
w
Note: With sandy soil
and CS base, a designed transition
(“filter”) layer may be needed. |
|
4 |
Porosity of pervious concrete
(design): Low < 12%; Moderate = 12%
to 18%; High > 25%. |
|
5 |
Must be specified by
the design professional. |
|
6 |
Geotextile guidelines:
w
Possible indicates often not
required (with sandy soil and a CS
base, a specifically
designed transition sand bed or
“filter” may be needed);
w
Likely indicates will often
be needed;
w
Yes indicates almost always
required in these types of
applications. |
|
7 |
Varies depending on
the soil characteristics; it is also
possible to use a designed sand
filter. |
|
8 |
Full design by registered
professional required; applications
in this type of material are
intended primarily for storage to
reduce peak outflow; infiltration
will be minimal. Means for removal
other than infiltration will
generally be needed. |
Table D3: Traffic Loading Designations for
Pervious Concrete Systems
|
Traffic Load |
Design
Axle Load, lbs
(kN) |
Repetitions |
|
L: Low |
4000 (18) |
Unlimited |
|
M: Moderate |
12,000 (53) |
<
10 / day |
|
H: High |
18,000 (80) |
2 to 3 / day |
|
YL: "Y Line"
(minor
or collector streets) |
18,000 (80) |
< 100 / day |
Reference: Leming, M.L., Malcom,
H.R., and Tennis, P.D., Hydrologic Design of
Pervious Concrete, EB303, Portland Cement
Association, Skokie, Illinois, and National
Ready Mixed Concrete Association, Silver
Spring, Maryland, USA, 2007, 72 pages.
|
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